Rainbow

import xarray as xr
from open_radar_data import DATASETS

import xradar as xd

Download

Fetching Rainbow radar data file from open-radar-data repository.

filename = DATASETS.fetch("2013051000000600dBZ.vol")

Downloading file '2013051000000600dBZ.vol' from 'https://github.com/openradar/open-radar-data/raw/main/data/2013051000000600dBZ.vol' to '/home/docs/.cache/open-radar-data'.

xr.open_dataset

Making use of the xarray rainbow backend. We also need to provide the group. Note, that we are using CfRadial2 group access pattern.

ds = xr.open_dataset(filename, group="sweep_0", engine="rainbow")
display(ds)

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 1MB
Dimensions:            (azimuth: 361, range: 400)
Coordinates:
  * azimuth            (azimuth) float64 3kB 0.5055 1.549 2.505 ... 358.5 359.5
    elevation          (azimuth) float64 3kB ...
    time               (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 3kB ...
  * range              (range) float32 2kB 125.0 375.0 ... 9.962e+04 9.988e+04
    longitude          float64 8B ...
    latitude           float64 8B ...
    altitude           float64 8B ...
Data variables:
    DBZH               (azimuth, range) float64 1MB ...
    sweep_mode         <U20 80B ...
    sweep_number       int64 8B ...
    prt_mode           <U7 28B ...
    follow_mode        <U7 28B ...
    sweep_fixed_angle  float64 8B ...

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • azimuth: 361
  • range: 400
• Coordinates: (7)
  • azimuth
    (azimuth)
    float64
    0.5055 1.549 2.505 ... 358.5 359.5

    standard_name :

    ray_azimuth_angle

    long_name :

    azimuth_angle_from_true_north

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_azimuth_coordinate

    array([  0.505493,   1.549194,   2.505005, ..., 357.500732, 358.516968,
           359.505737], shape=(361,))

  • elevation
    (azimuth)
    float64
    ...

    standard_name :

    ray_elevation_angle

    long_name :

    elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_elevation_coordinate

    [361 values with dtype=float64]

  • time
    (azimuth)
    datetime64[ns]
    ...

    standard_name :

    time

    [361 values with dtype=datetime64[ns]]

  • range
    (range)
    float32
    125.0 375.0 ... 9.962e+04 9.988e+04

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    projection_range_coordinate

    long_name :

    range_to_measurement_volume

    axis :

    radial_range_coordinate

    meters_between_gates :

    250.0

    spacing_is_constant :

    true

    meters_to_center_of_first_gate :

    125.0

    array([  125.,   375.,   625., ..., 99375., 99625., 99875.],
          shape=(400,), dtype=float32)

  • longitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • latitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    positive :

    up

    standard_name :

    latitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • altitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    altitude

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    altitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

• Data variables: (6)
  • DBZH
    (azimuth, range)
    float64
    ...

    units :

    dBZ

    long_name :

    Equivalent reflectivity factor H

    standard_name :

    radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h

    [144400 values with dtype=float64]

  • sweep_mode
    ()
    <U20
    ...

    [1 values with dtype=<U20]

  • sweep_number
    ()
    int64
    ...

    [1 values with dtype=int64]

  • prt_mode
    ()
    <U7
    ...

    [1 values with dtype=<U7]

  • follow_mode
    ()
    <U7
    ...

    [1 values with dtype=<U7]

  • sweep_fixed_angle
    ()
    float64
    ...

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

Plot Time vs. Azimuth

We need to sort by time and specify the coordinate.

ds.azimuth.sortby("time").plot(x="time")

[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x75ed067ca850>]

Plot Range vs. Time

We need to sort by time and specify the coordinate.

ds.DBZH.sortby("time").plot(y="time")

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x75ed066927b0>

Plot Range vs. Azimuth

ds.DBZH.plot()

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x75ed065c2490>

backend_kwargs

Beside first_dim there are several additional backend_kwargs for the rainbow backend, which handle different aspects of angle alignment. This comes into play, when azimuth and/or elevation arrays are not evenly spacend and other issues.

help(xd.io.RainbowBackendEntrypoint)

Help on class RainbowBackendEntrypoint in module xradar.io.backends.rainbow:

class RainbowBackendEntrypoint(xarray.backends.common.BackendEntrypoint)
 |  Xarray BackendEntrypoint for Rainbow5 data.
 |
 |  Method resolution order:
 |      RainbowBackendEntrypoint
 |      xarray.backends.common.BackendEntrypoint
 |      builtins.object
 |
 |  Methods defined here:
 |
 |  open_dataset(
 |      self,
 |      filename_or_obj,
 |      *,
 |      mask_and_scale=True,
 |      decode_times=True,
 |      concat_characters=True,
 |      decode_coords=True,
 |      drop_variables=None,
 |      use_cftime=None,
 |      decode_timedelta=None,
 |      group=None,
 |      reindex_angle=False,
 |      first_dim='auto',
 |      site_as_coords=True
 |  )
 |      Backend open_dataset method used by Xarray in :py:func:`~xarray.open_dataset`.
 |
 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 |  Data and other attributes defined here:
 |
 |  __annotations__ = {}
 |
 |  description = 'Open Rainbow5 files in Xarray'
 |
 |  open_dataset_parameters = ('filename_or_obj', 'mask_and_scale', 'decod...
 |
 |  url = 'https://xradar.rtfd.io/latest/io.html#rainbow-data-i-o'
 |
 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 |  Methods inherited from xarray.backends.common.BackendEntrypoint:
 |
 |  __repr__(self) -> 'str'
 |      Return repr(self).
 |
 |  guess_can_open(self, filename_or_obj: 'T_PathFileOrDataStore') -> 'bool'
 |      Backend open_dataset method used by Xarray in :py:func:`~xarray.open_dataset`.
 |
 |  open_datatree(
 |      self,
 |      filename_or_obj: 'T_PathFileOrDataStore',
 |      *,
 |      drop_variables: 'str | Iterable[str] | None' = None
 |  ) -> 'DataTree'
 |      Backend open_datatree method used by Xarray in :py:func:`~xarray.open_datatree`.
 |
 |      If implemented, set the class variable supports_groups to True.
 |
 |  open_groups_as_dict(
 |      self,
 |      filename_or_obj: 'T_PathFileOrDataStore',
 |      *,
 |      drop_variables: 'str | Iterable[str] | None' = None
 |  ) -> 'dict[str, Dataset]'
 |      Opens a dictionary mapping from group names to Datasets.
 |
 |      Called by :py:func:`~xarray.open_groups`.
 |      This function exists to provide a universal way to open all groups in a file,
 |      before applying any additional consistency checks or requirements necessary
 |      to create a `DataTree` object (typically done using :py:meth:`~xarray.DataTree.from_dict`).
 |
 |      If implemented, set the class variable supports_groups to True.
 |
 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 |  Data descriptors inherited from xarray.backends.common.BackendEntrypoint:
 |
 |  __dict__
 |      dictionary for instance variables
 |
 |  __weakref__
 |      list of weak references to the object
 |
 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 |  Data and other attributes inherited from xarray.backends.common.BackendEntrypoint:
 |
 |  supports_groups = False

ds = xr.open_dataset(filename, group="sweep_1", engine="rainbow", first_dim="time")
display(ds)

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 1MB
Dimensions:            (time: 361, range: 400)
Coordinates:
  * time               (time) datetime64[ns] 3kB 2013-05-10T00:00:19.01515150...
    azimuth            (time) float64 3kB ...
    elevation          (time) float64 3kB ...
  * range              (range) float32 2kB 125.0 375.0 ... 9.962e+04 9.988e+04
    longitude          float64 8B ...
    latitude           float64 8B ...
    altitude           float64 8B ...
Data variables:
    DBZH               (time, range) float64 1MB ...
    sweep_mode         <U20 80B ...
    sweep_number       int64 8B ...
    prt_mode           <U7 28B ...
    follow_mode        <U7 28B ...
    sweep_fixed_angle  float64 8B ...

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • time: 361
  • range: 400
• Coordinates: (7)
  • time
    (time)
    datetime64[ns]
    2013-05-10T00:00:19.015151500 .....

    standard_name :

    time

    array(['2013-05-10T00:00:19.015151500', '2013-05-10T00:00:19.045454500',
           '2013-05-10T00:00:19.075757500', ..., '2013-05-10T00:00:29.863636500',
           '2013-05-10T00:00:29.893939500', '2013-05-10T00:00:29.924242500'],
          shape=(361,), dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • azimuth
    (time)
    float64
    ...

    standard_name :

    ray_azimuth_angle

    long_name :

    azimuth_angle_from_true_north

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_azimuth_coordinate

    [361 values with dtype=float64]

  • elevation
    (time)
    float64
    ...

    standard_name :

    ray_elevation_angle

    long_name :

    elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_elevation_coordinate

    [361 values with dtype=float64]

  • range
    (range)
    float32
    125.0 375.0 ... 9.962e+04 9.988e+04

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    projection_range_coordinate

    long_name :

    range_to_measurement_volume

    axis :

    radial_range_coordinate

    meters_between_gates :

    250.0

    spacing_is_constant :

    true

    meters_to_center_of_first_gate :

    125.0

    array([  125.,   375.,   625., ..., 99375., 99625., 99875.],
          shape=(400,), dtype=float32)

  • longitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • latitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    positive :

    up

    standard_name :

    latitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • altitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    altitude

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    altitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

• Data variables: (6)
  • DBZH
    (time, range)
    float64
    ...

    units :

    dBZ

    long_name :

    Equivalent reflectivity factor H

    standard_name :

    radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h

    [144400 values with dtype=float64]

  • sweep_mode
    ()
    <U20
    ...

    [1 values with dtype=<U20]

  • sweep_number
    ()
    int64
    ...

    [1 values with dtype=int64]

  • prt_mode
    ()
    <U7
    ...

    [1 values with dtype=<U7]

  • follow_mode
    ()
    <U7
    ...

    [1 values with dtype=<U7]

  • sweep_fixed_angle
    ()
    float64
    ...

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

open_odim_datatree

The same works analoguous with the datatree loader. But additionally we can provide a sweep string, number or list.

help(xd.io.open_rainbow_datatree)

Help on function open_rainbow_datatree in module xradar.io.backends.rainbow:

open_rainbow_datatree(filename_or_obj, **kwargs)
    Open ODIM_H5 dataset as :py:class:`xarray.DataTree`.

    Parameters
    ----------
    filename_or_obj : str, Path, file-like or DataStore
        Strings and Path objects are interpreted as a path to a local or remote
        radar file

    Keyword Arguments
    -----------------
    sweep : int, list of int, optional
        Sweep number(s) to extract, default to first sweep. If None, all sweeps are
        extracted into a list.
    first_dim : str
        Can be ``time`` or ``auto`` first dimension. If set to ``auto``,
        first dimension will be either ``azimuth`` or ``elevation`` depending on
        type of sweep. Defaults to ``auto``.
    reindex_angle : bool or dict
        Defaults to False, no reindexing. Given dict should contain the kwargs to
        reindex_angle. Only invoked if `decode_coord=True`.
    fix_second_angle : bool
        If True, fixes erroneous second angle data. Defaults to ``False``.
    site_as_coords : bool
        Attach radar site-coordinates to Dataset, defaults to ``True``.
    kwargs : dict
        Additional kwargs are fed to :py:func:`xarray.open_dataset`.

    Returns
    -------
    dtree: xarray.DataTree
        DataTree

dtree = xd.io.open_rainbow_datatree(filename, sweep="sweep_8")
display(dtree)

<xarray.DataTree>
Group: /
│   Dimensions:              (sweep: 1)
│   Coordinates:
│       latitude             float64 8B ...
│       longitude            float64 8B ...
│       altitude             float64 8B ...
│   Dimensions without coordinates: sweep
│   Data variables:
│       volume_number        int64 8B 0
│       platform_type        <U5 20B 'fixed'
│       instrument_type      <U5 20B 'radar'
│       time_coverage_start  <U20 80B '2013-05-10T00:01:55Z'
│       time_coverage_end    <U20 80B '2013-05-10T00:02:05Z'
│       sweep_group_name     (sweep) int64 8B 8
│       sweep_fixed_angle    (sweep) float64 8B 12.2
│   Attributes:
│       Conventions:      None
│       instrument_name:  None
│       version:          None
│       title:            None
│       institution:      None
│       references:       None
│       source:           None
│       history:          None
│       comment:          im/exported using xradar
└── Group: /sweep_0
        Dimensions:            (azimuth: 361, range: 400)
        Coordinates:
          * azimuth            (azimuth) float64 3kB 0.5 1.544 2.51 ... 358.5 359.5
            elevation          (azimuth) float64 3kB ...
            time               (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 3kB 2013-05-10T00:02:03.10606...
          * range              (range) float32 2kB 125.0 375.0 ... 9.962e+04 9.988e+04
        Data variables:
            DBZH               (azimuth, range) float64 1MB ...
            sweep_mode         <U20 80B ...
            sweep_number       int64 8B ...
            prt_mode           <U7 28B ...
            follow_mode        <U7 28B ...
            sweep_fixed_angle  float64 8B ...

xarray.DataTree

• /sweep_0(10)

  • Dimensions:
    • sweep: 1
    • azimuth: 361
    • range: 400
  • Coordinates: (4)
    • azimuth
      (azimuth)
      float64
      0.5 1.544 2.51 ... 358.5 359.5

      standard_name :

      ray_azimuth_angle

      long_name :

      azimuth_angle_from_true_north

      units :

      degrees

      axis :

      radial_azimuth_coordinate

      array([  0.5     ,   1.543701,   2.510498, ..., 357.506226, 358.533447,359.544189], shape=(361,))

    • elevation
      (azimuth)
      float64
      ...

      standard_name :

      ray_elevation_angle

      long_name :

      elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane

      units :

      degrees

      axis :

      radial_elevation_coordinate

      [361 values with dtype=float64]

    • time
      (azimuth)
      datetime64[ns]
      2013-05-10T00:02:03.106060500 .....

      standard_name :

      time

      array(['2013-05-10T00:02:03.106060500', '2013-05-10T00:02:03.136363500','2013-05-10T00:02:03.166666500', ..., '2013-05-10T00:02:03.015151500','2013-05-10T00:02:03.045454500', '2013-05-10T00:02:03.075757500'],shape=(361,), dtype='datetime64[ns]')

    • range
      (range)
      float32
      125.0 375.0 ... 9.962e+04 9.988e+04

      units :

      meters

      standard_name :

      projection_range_coordinate

      long_name :

      range_to_measurement_volume

      axis :

      radial_range_coordinate

      meters_between_gates :

      250.0

      spacing_is_constant :

      true

      meters_to_center_of_first_gate :

      125.0

      array([  125.,   375.,   625., ..., 99375., 99625., 99875.],shape=(400,), dtype=float32)

  • Data variables: (6)
    • DBZH
      (azimuth, range)
      float64
      ...

      units :

      dBZ

      long_name :

      Equivalent reflectivity factor H

      standard_name :

      radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h

      [144400 values with dtype=float64]

    • sweep_mode
      ()
      <U20
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=<U20]

    • sweep_number
      ()
      int64
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=int64]

    • prt_mode
      ()
      <U7
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=<U7]

    • follow_mode
      ()
      <U7
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=<U7]

    • sweep_fixed_angle
      ()
      float64
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=float64]

• Dimensions:
  • sweep: 1
• Coordinates: (3)
  • latitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    positive :

    up

    standard_name :

    latitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • longitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • altitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    altitude

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    altitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

• Data variables: (7)
  • volume_number
    ()
    int64
    0

    array(0)

  • platform_type
    ()
    <U5
    'fixed'

    array('fixed', dtype='<U5')

  • instrument_type
    ()
    <U5
    'radar'

    array('radar', dtype='<U5')

  • time_coverage_start
    ()
    <U20
    '2013-05-10T00:01:55Z'

    array('2013-05-10T00:01:55Z', dtype='<U20')

  • time_coverage_end
    ()
    <U20
    '2013-05-10T00:02:05Z'

    array('2013-05-10T00:02:05Z', dtype='<U20')

  • sweep_group_name
    (sweep)
    int64
    8

    array([8])

  • sweep_fixed_angle
    (sweep)
    float64
    12.2

    array([12.2])

• Attributes: (9)

  Conventions :

  None

  instrument_name :

  None

  version :

  None

  title :

  None

  institution :

  None

  references :

  None

  source :

  None

  history :

  None

  comment :

  im/exported using xradar

Plot Sweep Range vs. Time

dtree["sweep_0"].ds.DBZH.sortby("time").plot(y="time")

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x75ecfc9b6c10>

Plot Sweep Range vs. Azimuth

dtree["sweep_0"].ds.DBZH.plot()

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x75ecfc8ac550>

dtree = xd.io.open_rainbow_datatree(filename, sweep="sweep_8")
display(dtree)

<xarray.DataTree>
Group: /
│   Dimensions:              (sweep: 1)
│   Coordinates:
│       latitude             float64 8B ...
│       longitude            float64 8B ...
│       altitude             float64 8B ...
│   Dimensions without coordinates: sweep
│   Data variables:
│       volume_number        int64 8B 0
│       platform_type        <U5 20B 'fixed'
│       instrument_type      <U5 20B 'radar'
│       time_coverage_start  <U20 80B '2013-05-10T00:01:55Z'
│       time_coverage_end    <U20 80B '2013-05-10T00:02:05Z'
│       sweep_group_name     (sweep) int64 8B 8
│       sweep_fixed_angle    (sweep) float64 8B 12.2
│   Attributes:
│       Conventions:      None
│       instrument_name:  None
│       version:          None
│       title:            None
│       institution:      None
│       references:       None
│       source:           None
│       history:          None
│       comment:          im/exported using xradar
└── Group: /sweep_0
        Dimensions:            (azimuth: 361, range: 400)
        Coordinates:
          * azimuth            (azimuth) float64 3kB 0.5 1.544 2.51 ... 358.5 359.5
            elevation          (azimuth) float64 3kB ...
            time               (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 3kB 2013-05-10T00:02:03.10606...
          * range              (range) float32 2kB 125.0 375.0 ... 9.962e+04 9.988e+04
        Data variables:
            DBZH               (azimuth, range) float64 1MB ...
            sweep_mode         <U20 80B ...
            sweep_number       int64 8B ...
            prt_mode           <U7 28B ...
            follow_mode        <U7 28B ...
            sweep_fixed_angle  float64 8B ...

xarray.DataTree

• /sweep_0(10)

  • Dimensions:
    • sweep: 1
    • azimuth: 361
    • range: 400
  • Coordinates: (4)
    • azimuth
      (azimuth)
      float64
      0.5 1.544 2.51 ... 358.5 359.5

      standard_name :

      ray_azimuth_angle

      long_name :

      azimuth_angle_from_true_north

      units :

      degrees

      axis :

      radial_azimuth_coordinate

      array([  0.5     ,   1.543701,   2.510498, ..., 357.506226, 358.533447,359.544189], shape=(361,))

    • elevation
      (azimuth)
      float64
      ...

      standard_name :

      ray_elevation_angle

      long_name :

      elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane

      units :

      degrees

      axis :

      radial_elevation_coordinate

      [361 values with dtype=float64]

    • time
      (azimuth)
      datetime64[ns]
      2013-05-10T00:02:03.106060500 .....

      standard_name :

      time

      array(['2013-05-10T00:02:03.106060500', '2013-05-10T00:02:03.136363500','2013-05-10T00:02:03.166666500', ..., '2013-05-10T00:02:03.015151500','2013-05-10T00:02:03.045454500', '2013-05-10T00:02:03.075757500'],shape=(361,), dtype='datetime64[ns]')

    • range
      (range)
      float32
      125.0 375.0 ... 9.962e+04 9.988e+04

      units :

      meters

      standard_name :

      projection_range_coordinate

      long_name :

      range_to_measurement_volume

      axis :

      radial_range_coordinate

      meters_between_gates :

      250.0

      spacing_is_constant :

      true

      meters_to_center_of_first_gate :

      125.0

      array([  125.,   375.,   625., ..., 99375., 99625., 99875.],shape=(400,), dtype=float32)

  • Data variables: (6)
    • DBZH
      (azimuth, range)
      float64
      ...

      units :

      dBZ

      long_name :

      Equivalent reflectivity factor H

      standard_name :

      radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h

      [144400 values with dtype=float64]

    • sweep_mode
      ()
      <U20
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=<U20]

    • sweep_number
      ()
      int64
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=int64]

    • prt_mode
      ()
      <U7
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=<U7]

    • follow_mode
      ()
      <U7
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=<U7]

    • sweep_fixed_angle
      ()
      float64
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=float64]

• Dimensions:
  • sweep: 1
• Coordinates: (3)
  • latitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    positive :

    up

    standard_name :

    latitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • longitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • altitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    altitude

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    altitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

• Data variables: (7)
  • volume_number
    ()
    int64
    0

    array(0)

  • platform_type
    ()
    <U5
    'fixed'

    array('fixed', dtype='<U5')

  • instrument_type
    ()
    <U5
    'radar'

    array('radar', dtype='<U5')

  • time_coverage_start
    ()
    <U20
    '2013-05-10T00:01:55Z'

    array('2013-05-10T00:01:55Z', dtype='<U20')

  • time_coverage_end
    ()
    <U20
    '2013-05-10T00:02:05Z'

    array('2013-05-10T00:02:05Z', dtype='<U20')

  • sweep_group_name
    (sweep)
    int64
    8

    array([8])

  • sweep_fixed_angle
    (sweep)
    float64
    12.2

    array([12.2])

• Attributes: (9)

  Conventions :

  None

  instrument_name :

  None

  version :

  None

  title :

  None

  institution :

  None

  references :

  None

  source :

  None

  history :

  None

  comment :

  im/exported using xradar

dtree = xd.io.open_rainbow_datatree(filename, sweep=[0, 1, 8])
display(dtree)

<xarray.DataTree>
Group: /
│   Dimensions:              (sweep: 3)
│   Coordinates:
│       latitude             float64 8B ...
│       longitude            float64 8B ...
│       altitude             float64 8B ...
│   Dimensions without coordinates: sweep
│   Data variables:
│       volume_number        int64 8B 0
│       platform_type        <U5 20B 'fixed'
│       instrument_type      <U5 20B 'radar'
│       time_coverage_start  <U20 80B '2013-05-10T00:00:19Z'
│       time_coverage_end    <U20 80B '2013-05-10T00:02:19Z'
│       sweep_group_name     (sweep) int64 24B 1 2 9
│       sweep_fixed_angle    (sweep) float64 24B 1.4 2.4 14.8
│   Attributes:
│       Conventions:      None
│       instrument_name:  None
│       version:          None
│       title:            None
│       institution:      None
│       references:       None
│       source:           None
│       history:          None
│       comment:          im/exported using xradar
├── Group: /sweep_0
│       Dimensions:            (azimuth: 361, range: 400)
│       Coordinates:
│         * azimuth            (azimuth) float64 3kB 0.5055 1.549 2.516 ... 358.5 359.5
│           elevation          (azimuth) float64 3kB ...
│           time               (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 3kB 2013-05-10T00:00:25.62121...
│         * range              (range) float32 2kB 125.0 375.0 ... 9.962e+04 9.988e+04
│       Data variables:
│           DBZH               (azimuth, range) float64 1MB ...
│           sweep_mode         <U20 80B ...
│           sweep_number       int64 8B ...
│           prt_mode           <U7 28B ...
│           follow_mode        <U7 28B ...
│           sweep_fixed_angle  float64 8B ...
├── Group: /sweep_1
│       Dimensions:            (azimuth: 361, range: 400)
│       Coordinates:
│         * azimuth            (azimuth) float64 3kB 0.511 1.505 2.505 ... 358.5 359.5
│           elevation          (azimuth) float64 3kB ...
│           time               (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 3kB 2013-05-10T00:00:36.65151...
│         * range              (range) float32 2kB 125.0 375.0 ... 9.962e+04 9.988e+04
│       Data variables:
│           DBZH               (azimuth, range) float64 1MB ...
│           sweep_mode         <U20 80B ...
│           sweep_number       int64 8B ...
│           prt_mode           <U7 28B ...
│           follow_mode        <U7 28B ...
│           sweep_fixed_angle  float64 8B ...
└── Group: /sweep_2
        Dimensions:            (azimuth: 361, range: 400)
        Coordinates:
          * azimuth            (azimuth) float64 3kB 0.522 1.516 2.51 ... 358.5 359.5
            elevation          (azimuth) float64 3kB ...
            time               (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 3kB 2013-05-10T00:02:14.19696...
          * range              (range) float32 2kB 125.0 375.0 ... 9.962e+04 9.988e+04
        Data variables:
            DBZH               (azimuth, range) float64 1MB ...
            sweep_mode         <U20 80B ...
            sweep_number       int64 8B ...
            prt_mode           <U7 28B ...
            follow_mode        <U7 28B ...
            sweep_fixed_angle  float64 8B ...

xarray.DataTree

• /sweep_0(10)

  • Dimensions:
    • sweep: 3
    • azimuth: 361
    • range: 400
  • Coordinates: (4)
    • azimuth
      (azimuth)
      float64
      0.5055 1.549 2.516 ... 358.5 359.5

      standard_name :

      ray_azimuth_angle

      long_name :

      azimuth_angle_from_true_north

      units :

      degrees

      axis :

      radial_azimuth_coordinate

      array([  0.505493,   1.549194,   2.515991, ..., 357.506226, 358.505981,359.500244], shape=(361,))

    • elevation
      (azimuth)
      float64
      ...

      standard_name :

      ray_elevation_angle

      long_name :

      elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane

      units :

      degrees

      axis :

      radial_elevation_coordinate

      [361 values with dtype=float64]

    • time
      (azimuth)
      datetime64[ns]
      2013-05-10T00:00:25.621212500 .....

      standard_name :

      time

      array(['2013-05-10T00:00:25.621212500', '2013-05-10T00:00:25.651515500','2013-05-10T00:00:25.681818500', ..., '2013-05-10T00:00:25.530303500','2013-05-10T00:00:25.560606500', '2013-05-10T00:00:25.590909500'],shape=(361,), dtype='datetime64[ns]')

    • range
      (range)
      float32
      125.0 375.0 ... 9.962e+04 9.988e+04

      units :

      meters

      standard_name :

      projection_range_coordinate

      long_name :

      range_to_measurement_volume

      axis :

      radial_range_coordinate

      meters_between_gates :

      250.0

      spacing_is_constant :

      true

      meters_to_center_of_first_gate :

      125.0

      array([  125.,   375.,   625., ..., 99375., 99625., 99875.],shape=(400,), dtype=float32)

  • Data variables: (6)
    • DBZH
      (azimuth, range)
      float64
      ...

      units :

      dBZ

      long_name :

      Equivalent reflectivity factor H

      standard_name :

      radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h

      [144400 values with dtype=float64]

    • sweep_mode
      ()
      <U20
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=<U20]

    • sweep_number
      ()
      int64
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=int64]

    • prt_mode
      ()
      <U7
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=<U7]

    • follow_mode
      ()
      <U7
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=<U7]

    • sweep_fixed_angle
      ()
      float64
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=float64]

  /sweep_1(10)

  • Dimensions:
    • sweep: 3
    • azimuth: 361
    • range: 400
  • Coordinates: (4)
    • azimuth
      (azimuth)
      float64
      0.511 1.505 2.505 ... 358.5 359.5

      standard_name :

      ray_azimuth_angle

      long_name :

      azimuth_angle_from_true_north

      units :

      degrees

      axis :

      radial_azimuth_coordinate

      array([  0.510986,   1.505249,   2.505005, ..., 357.506226, 358.500488,359.544189], shape=(361,))

    • elevation
      (azimuth)
      float64
      ...

      standard_name :

      ray_elevation_angle

      long_name :

      elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane

      units :

      degrees

      axis :

      radial_elevation_coordinate

      [361 values with dtype=float64]

    • time
      (azimuth)
      datetime64[ns]
      2013-05-10T00:00:36.651515500 .....

      standard_name :

      time

      array(['2013-05-10T00:00:36.651515500', '2013-05-10T00:00:36.681818500','2013-05-10T00:00:36.712121500', ..., '2013-05-10T00:00:36.560606500','2013-05-10T00:00:36.590909500', '2013-05-10T00:00:36.621212500'],shape=(361,), dtype='datetime64[ns]')

    • range
      (range)
      float32
      125.0 375.0 ... 9.962e+04 9.988e+04

      units :

      meters

      standard_name :

      projection_range_coordinate

      long_name :

      range_to_measurement_volume

      axis :

      radial_range_coordinate

      meters_between_gates :

      250.0

      spacing_is_constant :

      true

      meters_to_center_of_first_gate :

      125.0

      array([  125.,   375.,   625., ..., 99375., 99625., 99875.],shape=(400,), dtype=float32)

  • Data variables: (6)
    • DBZH
      (azimuth, range)
      float64
      ...

      units :

      dBZ

      long_name :

      Equivalent reflectivity factor H

      standard_name :

      radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h

      [144400 values with dtype=float64]

    • sweep_mode
      ()
      <U20
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=<U20]

    • sweep_number
      ()
      int64
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=int64]

    • prt_mode
      ()
      <U7
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=<U7]

    • follow_mode
      ()
      <U7
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=<U7]

    • sweep_fixed_angle
      ()
      float64
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=float64]

  /sweep_2(10)

  • Dimensions:
    • sweep: 3
    • azimuth: 361
    • range: 400
  • Coordinates: (4)
    • azimuth
      (azimuth)
      float64
      0.522 1.516 2.51 ... 358.5 359.5

      standard_name :

      ray_azimuth_angle

      long_name :

      azimuth_angle_from_true_north

      units :

      degrees

      axis :

      radial_azimuth_coordinate

      array([  0.521973,   1.516235,   2.510498, ..., 357.511719, 358.505981,359.52771 ], shape=(361,))

    • elevation
      (azimuth)
      float64
      ...

      standard_name :

      ray_elevation_angle

      long_name :

      elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane

      units :

      degrees

      axis :

      radial_elevation_coordinate

      [361 values with dtype=float64]

    • time
      (azimuth)
      datetime64[ns]
      2013-05-10T00:02:14.196969500 .....

      standard_name :

      time

      array(['2013-05-10T00:02:14.196969500', '2013-05-10T00:02:14.227272500','2013-05-10T00:02:14.257575500', ..., '2013-05-10T00:02:14.106060500','2013-05-10T00:02:14.136363500', '2013-05-10T00:02:14.166666500'],shape=(361,), dtype='datetime64[ns]')

    • range
      (range)
      float32
      125.0 375.0 ... 9.962e+04 9.988e+04

      units :

      meters

      standard_name :

      projection_range_coordinate

      long_name :

      range_to_measurement_volume

      axis :

      radial_range_coordinate

      meters_between_gates :

      250.0

      spacing_is_constant :

      true

      meters_to_center_of_first_gate :

      125.0

      array([  125.,   375.,   625., ..., 99375., 99625., 99875.],shape=(400,), dtype=float32)

  • Data variables: (6)
    • DBZH
      (azimuth, range)
      float64
      ...

      units :

      dBZ

      long_name :

      Equivalent reflectivity factor H

      standard_name :

      radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h

      [144400 values with dtype=float64]

    • sweep_mode
      ()
      <U20
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=<U20]

    • sweep_number
      ()
      int64
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=int64]

    • prt_mode
      ()
      <U7
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=<U7]

    • follow_mode
      ()
      <U7
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=<U7]

    • sweep_fixed_angle
      ()
      float64
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=float64]

• Dimensions:
  • sweep: 3
• Coordinates: (3)
  • latitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    positive :

    up

    standard_name :

    latitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • longitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • altitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    altitude

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    altitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

• Data variables: (7)
  • volume_number
    ()
    int64
    0

    array(0)

  • platform_type
    ()
    <U5
    'fixed'

    array('fixed', dtype='<U5')

  • instrument_type
    ()
    <U5
    'radar'

    array('radar', dtype='<U5')

  • time_coverage_start
    ()
    <U20
    '2013-05-10T00:00:19Z'

    array('2013-05-10T00:00:19Z', dtype='<U20')

  • time_coverage_end
    ()
    <U20
    '2013-05-10T00:02:19Z'

    array('2013-05-10T00:02:19Z', dtype='<U20')

  • sweep_group_name
    (sweep)
    int64
    1 2 9

    array([1, 2, 9])

  • sweep_fixed_angle
    (sweep)
    float64
    1.4 2.4 14.8

    array([ 1.4,  2.4, 14.8])

• Attributes: (9)

  Conventions :

  None

  instrument_name :

  None

  version :

  None

  title :

  None

  institution :

  None

  references :

  None

  source :

  None

  history :

  None

  comment :

  im/exported using xradar

dtree = xd.io.open_rainbow_datatree(filename, sweep=["sweep_1", "sweep_2", "sweep_8"])
display(dtree)

<xarray.DataTree>
Group: /
│   Dimensions:              (sweep: 3)
│   Coordinates:
│       latitude             float64 8B ...
│       longitude            float64 8B ...
│       altitude             float64 8B ...
│   Dimensions without coordinates: sweep
│   Data variables:
│       volume_number        int64 8B 0
│       platform_type        <U5 20B 'fixed'
│       instrument_type      <U5 20B 'radar'
│       time_coverage_start  <U20 80B '2013-05-10T00:00:19Z'
│       time_coverage_end    <U20 80B '2013-05-10T00:02:05Z'
│       sweep_group_name     (sweep) int64 24B 1 2 8
│       sweep_fixed_angle    (sweep) float64 24B 1.4 2.4 12.2
│   Attributes:
│       Conventions:      None
│       instrument_name:  None
│       version:          None
│       title:            None
│       institution:      None
│       references:       None
│       source:           None
│       history:          None
│       comment:          im/exported using xradar
├── Group: /sweep_0
│       Dimensions:            (azimuth: 361, range: 400)
│       Coordinates:
│         * azimuth            (azimuth) float64 3kB 0.5055 1.549 2.516 ... 358.5 359.5
│           elevation          (azimuth) float64 3kB ...
│           time               (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 3kB 2013-05-10T00:00:25.62121...
│         * range              (range) float32 2kB 125.0 375.0 ... 9.962e+04 9.988e+04
│       Data variables:
│           DBZH               (azimuth, range) float64 1MB ...
│           sweep_mode         <U20 80B ...
│           sweep_number       int64 8B ...
│           prt_mode           <U7 28B ...
│           follow_mode        <U7 28B ...
│           sweep_fixed_angle  float64 8B ...
├── Group: /sweep_1
│       Dimensions:            (azimuth: 361, range: 400)
│       Coordinates:
│         * azimuth            (azimuth) float64 3kB 0.511 1.505 2.505 ... 358.5 359.5
│           elevation          (azimuth) float64 3kB ...
│           time               (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 3kB 2013-05-10T00:00:36.65151...
│         * range              (range) float32 2kB 125.0 375.0 ... 9.962e+04 9.988e+04
│       Data variables:
│           DBZH               (azimuth, range) float64 1MB ...
│           sweep_mode         <U20 80B ...
│           sweep_number       int64 8B ...
│           prt_mode           <U7 28B ...
│           follow_mode        <U7 28B ...
│           sweep_fixed_angle  float64 8B ...
└── Group: /sweep_2
        Dimensions:            (azimuth: 361, range: 400)
        Coordinates:
          * azimuth            (azimuth) float64 3kB 0.5 1.544 2.51 ... 358.5 359.5
            elevation          (azimuth) float64 3kB ...
            time               (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 3kB 2013-05-10T00:02:03.10606...
          * range              (range) float32 2kB 125.0 375.0 ... 9.962e+04 9.988e+04
        Data variables:
            DBZH               (azimuth, range) float64 1MB ...
            sweep_mode         <U20 80B ...
            sweep_number       int64 8B ...
            prt_mode           <U7 28B ...
            follow_mode        <U7 28B ...
            sweep_fixed_angle  float64 8B ...

xarray.DataTree

• /sweep_0(10)

  • Dimensions:
    • sweep: 3
    • azimuth: 361
    • range: 400
  • Coordinates: (4)
    • azimuth
      (azimuth)
      float64
      0.5055 1.549 2.516 ... 358.5 359.5

      standard_name :

      ray_azimuth_angle

      long_name :

      azimuth_angle_from_true_north

      units :

      degrees

      axis :

      radial_azimuth_coordinate

      array([  0.505493,   1.549194,   2.515991, ..., 357.506226, 358.505981,359.500244], shape=(361,))

    • elevation
      (azimuth)
      float64
      ...

      standard_name :

      ray_elevation_angle

      long_name :

      elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane

      units :

      degrees

      axis :

      radial_elevation_coordinate

      [361 values with dtype=float64]

    • time
      (azimuth)
      datetime64[ns]
      2013-05-10T00:00:25.621212500 .....

      standard_name :

      time

      array(['2013-05-10T00:00:25.621212500', '2013-05-10T00:00:25.651515500','2013-05-10T00:00:25.681818500', ..., '2013-05-10T00:00:25.530303500','2013-05-10T00:00:25.560606500', '2013-05-10T00:00:25.590909500'],shape=(361,), dtype='datetime64[ns]')

    • range
      (range)
      float32
      125.0 375.0 ... 9.962e+04 9.988e+04

      units :

      meters

      standard_name :

      projection_range_coordinate

      long_name :

      range_to_measurement_volume

      axis :

      radial_range_coordinate

      meters_between_gates :

      250.0

      spacing_is_constant :

      true

      meters_to_center_of_first_gate :

      125.0

      array([  125.,   375.,   625., ..., 99375., 99625., 99875.],shape=(400,), dtype=float32)

  • Data variables: (6)
    • DBZH
      (azimuth, range)
      float64
      ...

      units :

      dBZ

      long_name :

      Equivalent reflectivity factor H

      standard_name :

      radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h

      [144400 values with dtype=float64]

    • sweep_mode
      ()
      <U20
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=<U20]

    • sweep_number
      ()
      int64
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=int64]

    • prt_mode
      ()
      <U7
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=<U7]

    • follow_mode
      ()
      <U7
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=<U7]

    • sweep_fixed_angle
      ()
      float64
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=float64]

  /sweep_1(10)

  • Dimensions:
    • sweep: 3
    • azimuth: 361
    • range: 400
  • Coordinates: (4)
    • azimuth
      (azimuth)
      float64
      0.511 1.505 2.505 ... 358.5 359.5

      standard_name :

      ray_azimuth_angle

      long_name :

      azimuth_angle_from_true_north

      units :

      degrees

      axis :

      radial_azimuth_coordinate

      array([  0.510986,   1.505249,   2.505005, ..., 357.506226, 358.500488,359.544189], shape=(361,))

    • elevation
      (azimuth)
      float64
      ...

      standard_name :

      ray_elevation_angle

      long_name :

      elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane

      units :

      degrees

      axis :

      radial_elevation_coordinate

      [361 values with dtype=float64]

    • time
      (azimuth)
      datetime64[ns]
      2013-05-10T00:00:36.651515500 .....

      standard_name :

      time

      array(['2013-05-10T00:00:36.651515500', '2013-05-10T00:00:36.681818500','2013-05-10T00:00:36.712121500', ..., '2013-05-10T00:00:36.560606500','2013-05-10T00:00:36.590909500', '2013-05-10T00:00:36.621212500'],shape=(361,), dtype='datetime64[ns]')

    • range
      (range)
      float32
      125.0 375.0 ... 9.962e+04 9.988e+04

      units :

      meters

      standard_name :

      projection_range_coordinate

      long_name :

      range_to_measurement_volume

      axis :

      radial_range_coordinate

      meters_between_gates :

      250.0

      spacing_is_constant :

      true

      meters_to_center_of_first_gate :

      125.0

      array([  125.,   375.,   625., ..., 99375., 99625., 99875.],shape=(400,), dtype=float32)

  • Data variables: (6)
    • DBZH
      (azimuth, range)
      float64
      ...

      units :

      dBZ

      long_name :

      Equivalent reflectivity factor H

      standard_name :

      radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h

      [144400 values with dtype=float64]

    • sweep_mode
      ()
      <U20
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=<U20]

    • sweep_number
      ()
      int64
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=int64]

    • prt_mode
      ()
      <U7
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=<U7]

    • follow_mode
      ()
      <U7
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=<U7]

    • sweep_fixed_angle
      ()
      float64
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=float64]

  /sweep_2(10)

  • Dimensions:
    • sweep: 3
    • azimuth: 361
    • range: 400
  • Coordinates: (4)
    • azimuth
      (azimuth)
      float64
      0.5 1.544 2.51 ... 358.5 359.5

      standard_name :

      ray_azimuth_angle

      long_name :

      azimuth_angle_from_true_north

      units :

      degrees

      axis :

      radial_azimuth_coordinate

      array([  0.5     ,   1.543701,   2.510498, ..., 357.506226, 358.533447,359.544189], shape=(361,))

    • elevation
      (azimuth)
      float64
      ...

      standard_name :

      ray_elevation_angle

      long_name :

      elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane

      units :

      degrees

      axis :

      radial_elevation_coordinate

      [361 values with dtype=float64]

    • time
      (azimuth)
      datetime64[ns]
      2013-05-10T00:02:03.106060500 .....

      standard_name :

      time

      array(['2013-05-10T00:02:03.106060500', '2013-05-10T00:02:03.136363500','2013-05-10T00:02:03.166666500', ..., '2013-05-10T00:02:03.015151500','2013-05-10T00:02:03.045454500', '2013-05-10T00:02:03.075757500'],shape=(361,), dtype='datetime64[ns]')

    • range
      (range)
      float32
      125.0 375.0 ... 9.962e+04 9.988e+04

      units :

      meters

      standard_name :

      projection_range_coordinate

      long_name :

      range_to_measurement_volume

      axis :

      radial_range_coordinate

      meters_between_gates :

      250.0

      spacing_is_constant :

      true

      meters_to_center_of_first_gate :

      125.0

      array([  125.,   375.,   625., ..., 99375., 99625., 99875.],shape=(400,), dtype=float32)

  • Data variables: (6)
    • DBZH
      (azimuth, range)
      float64
      ...

      units :

      dBZ

      long_name :

      Equivalent reflectivity factor H

      standard_name :

      radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h

      [144400 values with dtype=float64]

    • sweep_mode
      ()
      <U20
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=<U20]

    • sweep_number
      ()
      int64
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=int64]

    • prt_mode
      ()
      <U7
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=<U7]

    • follow_mode
      ()
      <U7
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=<U7]

    • sweep_fixed_angle
      ()
      float64
      ...

      [1 values with dtype=float64]

• Dimensions:
  • sweep: 3
• Coordinates: (3)
  • latitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    positive :

    up

    standard_name :

    latitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • longitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • altitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    altitude

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    altitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

• Data variables: (7)
  • volume_number
    ()
    int64
    0

    array(0)

  • platform_type
    ()
    <U5
    'fixed'

    array('fixed', dtype='<U5')

  • instrument_type
    ()
    <U5
    'radar'

    array('radar', dtype='<U5')

  • time_coverage_start
    ()
    <U20
    '2013-05-10T00:00:19Z'

    array('2013-05-10T00:00:19Z', dtype='<U20')

  • time_coverage_end
    ()
    <U20
    '2013-05-10T00:02:05Z'

    array('2013-05-10T00:02:05Z', dtype='<U20')

  • sweep_group_name
    (sweep)
    int64
    1 2 8

    array([1, 2, 8])

  • sweep_fixed_angle
    (sweep)
    float64
    1.4 2.4 12.2

    array([ 1.4,  2.4, 12.2])

• Attributes: (9)

  Conventions :

  None

  instrument_name :

  None

  version :

  None

  title :

  None

  institution :

  None

  references :

  None

  source :

  None

  history :

  None

  comment :

  im/exported using xradar